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Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry
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GII.17[P17] Norovirus Resurge in Beijing, China, 2024-2025
Weihong Li1,2, Baiwei Liu1,2, Zhengqiqi Zhao3
1Beijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.
Journal of Medical Virology
|January 19, 2026
Summary
Norovirus GII.17 outbreaks surged in Beijing, with Romania-2021 strains dominating in 2024-2025. These strains, distinct from Kawasaki308, show unique genetic changes and affect younger populations, explaining their rapid spread.
Area of Science:
- * Virology
- * Epidemiology
- * Public Health
Background:
- * Noroviruses are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis globally.
- * Norovirus GII.17 outbreaks have shown significant resurgence in Beijing between 2024-2025.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To analyze the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of Norovirus GII.17 outbreaks in Beijing from 2014 to 2025.
- * To investigate the reasons behind the dominance of specific GII.17 strains, particularly Romania-2021.
Main Methods:
- * Phylogenetic analysis of Norovirus GII.17 strains identified in outbreaks from 2014 to 2025.
- * Comparison of outbreak settings, clinical symptoms, and affected age groups between different GII.17 strains (Kawasaki308 and Romania-2021).
- * Examination of genetic variations, including amino acid substitutions in key viral proteins.
Main Results:
- * Norovirus GII.17 outbreaks significantly increased in Beijing during 2024-2025, with Romania-2021-like strains comprising 81.7% of cases.
- * Phylogenetic analysis identified a novel GII.17 subcluster (New_2023-2025) within the Romania-2021 cluster, dominating the recent outbreaks.
- * Romania-2021 strains were associated with younger cases and more vomiting compared to Kawasaki308 strains, and exhibited unique amino acid substitutions.
Conclusions:
- * Romania-2021-like strains, particularly the novel New_2023-2025 subcluster, have become dominant in Beijing's norovirus outbreaks.
- * Unique genetic mutations and distinct epidemiological characteristics likely contribute to the rapid predominance of these emerging strains.
- * Understanding these factors is crucial for predicting and controlling future norovirus outbreaks.
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