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Nontargeted Delay Attacks on Blockchain P2P Network: Feasibility and Financial Implications.
IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
|January 19, 2026
Summary
Blockchain networks face security risks from peer connection delays. This study introduces a practical delay attack, demonstrating its effectiveness in disrupting block propagation and increasing attack revenues on networks like Ethereum.
Area of Science:
- Computer Science
- Network Security
- Cryptography
Background:
- Public blockchain networks are susceptible to attacks exploiting peer connections to hinder block propagation.
- Existing vulnerabilities threaten the integrity and performance of decentralized networks.
- The increasing adoption of blockchain necessitates enhanced security measures against network-layer exploits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and validate a practical nontargeted delay attack method for blockchain networks.
- To assess the feasibility, scalability, and impact of delay attacks on different blockchain sizes.
- To analyze the implications of these attacks on Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Developed a novel delay attack targeting peer connections in blockchain networks.
- Validated the attack's efficacy on EthereumPoW (ETHW) and pre-merge Ethereum Mainnet.
- Optimized the Ethereum Geth client to reduce attack costs by relaxing connection restrictions.
Main Results:
- The delay attack significantly disrupted block propagation in both ETHW and Ethereum networks.
- In ETHW, delays exceeded 5.9s for nearly one-third of nodes.
- In Ethereum, over 80% of peers experienced prolonged propagation, increasing delay time by 77%.
Conclusions:
- Delay attacks are scalable and effective against large-scale blockchain networks.
- Attackers can potentially gain revenue, especially through a proposed combined strategy for PoS reorganization attacks.
- There is an urgent need to enhance network-layer defenses and secure peer-to-peer protocols against such exploits.
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