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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

35.0K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy01:18

Entropy

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
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Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

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Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
24.0K
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
22.9K
Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

3.2K
When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
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Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

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Overview
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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

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Synergy and Stability: The Rise of High-Entropy Single-Atom Catalysts.

Xingxin Hu1,2, Minghui Jiang1, Shiyu Li3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Materials Low-Carbon Recycling, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-entropy single-atom catalysts (HESACs) overcome the activity-stability trade-off by creating dynamic, multi-component active sites. This approach enhances electrocatalysis and energy storage applications.

Keywords:
electrocatalystenergy storage batterieshigh‐entropysingle‐atomsynergistic effects

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high atom utilization but face challenges with activity and stability.
  • A trade-off between catalytic activity and stability limits conventional SAC development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore high-entropy single-atom catalysts (HESACs) as a novel approach to overcome SAC limitations.
  • To redefine the active site from a static, single site to a dynamic, multisite ensemble.

Main Methods:

  • Elucidation of stabilization mechanisms in HESACs, including configurational entropy, lattice distortion, and diffusion.
  • System analysis of precision synthesis strategies for atomic-level control.
  • Focus on applications in electrocatalysis and energy storage.

Main Results:

  • HESACs demonstrate enhanced performance in electrocatalysis and energy storage.
  • Multisite synergy and entropy-driven stabilization are key performance enhancers.
  • Rational design principles, structural engineering, and advanced characterization are crucial.

Conclusions:

  • HESACs offer a versatile platform for next-generation electrocatalysts and energy storage materials.
  • The dynamic, multisite ensemble approach effectively decouples activity and stability challenges.