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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Neuroscience
    • Integrated Circuit Design

    Background:

    • Continuous neural signal acquisition is crucial for neuromodulation but is often obstructed by high-amplitude stimulation artifacts (SAs).
    • Existing methods for SA removal may require calibration or external processing, limiting real-time applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a novel neuromodulation system with an integrated circuit (ASIC) for real-time neural signal recovery.
    • To achieve efficient and accurate removal of stimulation artifacts (SAs) that overlap neural signals in both time and frequency domains.

    Main Methods:

    • An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) was designed, incorporating an adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR)-based template-subtraction method for on-chip SA removal.
    • A stimulation frequency dithering mechanism was integrated to minimize neural signal loss at the stimulation frequency and its harmonics.
    • The system was validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments, including local field potential (LFP) and action potential (AP) recordings.

    Main Results:

    • The developed ASIC demonstrated 2.9x faster adaptation for SA removal compared to fixed-parameter methods.
    • Achieved a 40 dB reduction in the stimulation artifact (SA) component while preserving neural signal integrity.
    • The SA removal module, including on-chip memory, occupied 0.15 mm² and consumed 1.3μW, showcasing area and power efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented neuromodulation system effectively recovers neural signals obscured by time-varying SAs in real time.
    • The system operates without prior calibration or external processing units, offering a significant advancement for neuromodulation applications.
    • The low power consumption and small die area of the ASIC make it suitable for implantable and wearable neuromodulation devices.