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Nucleus softens during herpesvirus infection.

Aapo Tervonen1,2, Visa Ruokolainen1, Simon Leclerc1

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection dramatically softens the cell nucleus. This nuclear softening during infection is caused by reduced internal and external forces, despite changes in the nuclear lamina.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Nuclear mechanics are influenced by both external and internal factors.
  • Viral infections can cause significant nuclear reorganization.
  • The impact of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) on nuclear mechanobiology is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how nuclear mechanics change during HSV-1 infection.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying nuclear softening during viral infection.

Main Methods:

  • Advanced microscopy techniques were employed.
  • Computational modeling was utilized to analyze nuclear mechanics.
  • Experimental data was integrated with computational models.

Main Results:

  • The cell nucleus softens significantly during HSV-1 infection.
  • An enlarged viral replication compartment with low biomolecular density contributes to nuclear softening.
  • Reduced outward forces, including cytoskeletal pull and intranuclear osmotic pressure, explain the decreased nuclear stiffness.
  • Decreased mobility of the nuclear lamina was observed, suggesting altered rigidity.

Conclusions:

  • HSV-1 infection leads to a dramatic decrease in nuclear stiffness.
  • Nuclear softening is a result of complex changes in multiple mechanical forces acting on the nucleus during infection.
  • Understanding these mechanobiological changes is crucial for comprehending viral pathogenesis.