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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

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Comparison of Post-Operative Mobilization After Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and

Alex Kane Miller1, Zachary Goldstein1, Aatif Sayeed1

  • 1Corewell Health East William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA.

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|January 20, 2026
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Summary

Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) showed a faster return to baseline walking function compared to open fusion (OF). This study used iPhone HealthKit data to track patient recovery after lumbar spine surgery.

Keywords:
activity trackerambulationgaitlumbar interbody fusionoutcomesreturn to functionspinal stenosisspondylolisthesiswearable

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Spine Surgery
  • Digital Health and Wearable Technology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Lumbar fusion surgery aims to restore spinal stability and function.
  • Traditional open posterolateral fusion (OF) involves significant tissue disruption.
  • Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) aims to reduce surgical trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the time to return to baseline ambulatory function between MIS-TLIF and OF.
  • To evaluate the utility of smartphone-based activity tracking for post-operative recovery assessment.
  • To correlate objective ambulation data with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study enrolling patients undergoing MIS-TLIF or OF.
  • Utilized iPhone HealthKit data to track daily steps and distance.
  • Defined return to baseline as 2 consecutive days at 90% of pre-operative step count.

Main Results:

  • MIS-TLIF patients returned to 90% baseline steps in an average of 10.57 days (n=23).
  • OF patients required an average of 15.32 days to return to 90% baseline steps (n=25).
  • No significant correlation found between baseline demographics/PROMs and time to recovery.

Conclusions:

  • MIS-TLIF demonstrates a potentially faster return to ambulatory function compared to OF.
  • Apple HealthKit provides a feasible method for objective post-operative ambulation monitoring.
  • Objective ambulation data can supplement PROMs in assessing recovery after lumbar fusion.