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CAR-T cell therapy: A new dawn in the treatment of autoimmune disease

Sijia Yan1, Xiaojian Zhu1, Yi Xiao1

  • 1Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Cell Transplantation
|January 20, 2026
PubMed

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a class of diseases caused by autoimmune intolerance, which can be divided into systemic and organ-specific diseases. AIDs affect approximately 10% of the global population and rank among the leading causes of disability and mortality. At present, immunosuppressive agents are the first choice for the treatment of AIDs. B-cell-targeted therapies-particularly CD20 monoclonal antibodies-have brought new hope for systemic AIDs, yet a subset of patients still respond poorly. As a rapidly developing cellular immunotherapy technology, Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) plays an important role in the treatment of hematological malignancies. CAR-T targeting B-cell-specific antigens can rapidly deplete circulating B cells, thereby reducing the formation of autoantibodies, which has become the basis for research on CAR-T in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Currently, many studies are underway, and CAR-T and its derivative therapies bring new hope for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
Autoimmune DiseaseCAR-NKCAR-TCARR-TCD19Myasthenia agravissystemic lupus erythematosus

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