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Conformity

Conformity

Conformity is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if that person does not agree with the group.

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Conformations of Butane

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Unlike ethane and propane that have only two major conformations, butane has more than two conformers. The staggered form of butane in which the bulky methyl groups on the two carbons are placed on opposite sides, that is, at a dihedral angle of 180°, is the lowest energy, most stable form — called the anti conformer. This conformation is stabilized due to the absence of steric repulsion between the largely spaced out methyl groups. The other two staggered conformations are...

Conformations of Cycloalkanes

Conformations of Cycloalkanes

Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3 hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that...

Conformations of Cyclohexane

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Conformations of Ethane and Propane

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In an organic molecule, free rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond results in energetically different conformers of the molecule. Due to this rotation, called the internal rotation, ethane has two major conformations — staggered and eclipsed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Published on: December 27, 2012

Chainmail-inspired conformable and switchable microwave metamaterial absorber.

Ruiyang Tan¹, Jintang Zhou², Ping Chen^3,4

¹School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.

Nature Communications

|January 20, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a 3D-printed, chainmail-inspired metamaterial absorber that conforms to curved surfaces. This novel design offers switchable, ultra-wideband microwave absorption for advanced electromagnetic applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electromagnetics
Metamaterials

Background:

Conventional microwave absorbers lack flexibility, hindering integration with complex or deformable structures.
Conformal wave-manipulation is crucial for electromagnetic stealth and miniaturized electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a conformal and switchable microwave metamaterial absorber.
To overcome the limitations of rigid absorbers in advanced electromagnetic applications.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a chainmail-inspired metamaterial absorber using 3D printing.
Integration with elastic bands for switchable states (expanded/contracted).
Characterization of absorption bandwidth and performance after conformal shaping.

Main Results:

Achieved broadband effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) from 6.2 to 17.6 GHz.
Demonstrated robust curvature adaptation with minimal absorptivity decrease (0.049).
Obtained a cumulative bandwidth from 4.6 to 18 GHz via dynamic switching, surpassing the Rozanov limit.

Conclusions:

The proposed metamaterial absorber offers a practical solution for ultra-wideband conformal microwave absorption.
The switchable design enhances performance and extends operating frequency for diverse electromagnetic applications.