Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.

Reaction Mechanisms

Reaction Mechanisms

Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:

Mechanical Protein Functions

Mechanical Protein Functions

Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force.

Mechanism of Conjugation

Mechanism of Conjugation

Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...

Mechanical Systems

Mechanical Systems

Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically...

Compensation Mechanisms

Compensation Mechanisms

The human body employs intricate mechanisms to counteract changes in blood pH, preventing conditions like acidosis (pH < 7.35) and alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These compensatory responses aim to restore normal arterial blood pH by engaging respiratory or renal systems, depending on the source of the imbalance.
Respiratory Compensation
This mechanism addresses metabolic-induced pH imbalances by adjusting breathing rates. Respiratory compensation begins within minutes of detecting a pH...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Influence of high-fat diet and sex on connective tissue in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Cancer Diagnoses in Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Increased Childhood Cancer Occurrence.

The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association·2026

Same author

Screw-bone interface loads from rod bending: Development of an instrumented spinal fusion simulator.

Journal of biomechanics·2026

Same author

Comparison of High-tensile Suture and 16-gauge Wire for Prophylactic Fixation in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Study.

Arthroplasty today·2026

Same author

Mechanically Preconditioned Biomimetic Gradient Scaffold for Tendon-to-Bone Regeneration in a Rabbit Rotator Cuff Tear Model.

The American journal of sports medicine·2026

Same author

A Purified Platelet-Derived Exosome Product for Chronic Wound Healing: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy and Next-Generation Delivery Platform.

Pharmaceutics·2026

Same journal

Mechanical Contribution of the Anterior Talofibular Ligament to Ankle Stability: 3D Anatomical Finite Element Analysis.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2026

Same journal

Repurposing Metformin to Promote Fracture Callus Maturation via AMPK-Driven Metabolic Activation.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2026

Same journal

Biomechanical Assessment of Functional Tasks Beyond Level Walking Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Scoping Review.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2026

Same journal

Gait Characteristics and Intersegmental Foot and Ankle Motion in Patients With Neglected Achilles Tendon Rupture.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2026

Same journal

A Biomechanical Proof-of-Concept Study of Scaffold-Augmented Distraction Osteogenesis Using 3D-Printed Hyperelastic Bone™ in a Rabbit Tibial Lengthening Model.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2026

Same journal

Predicting Primary Stability of Stemless TSA From Preoperative Bone Density and Surgical Factors.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon

Published on: May 28, 2007

Exploring Mechanisms of Calcific Tendonitis Using a Novel Turkey Model.

Elameen A Adam¹, Joshua T Bland², Rou Wan¹

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society

|January 21, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Turkey tendons naturally mineralize, offering a model for human calcific tendinopathy. Mechanical loading is key to this nonpathological tendon calcification process.

Keywords:

calcific tendonitis mechanical loading mineral deposition osteogenic markers tendon biomechanics

More Related Videos

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Published on: January 27, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon

Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon

Published on: May 28, 2007

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Published on: January 27, 2023

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Musculoskeletal Biology
Comparative Pathology

Background:

Calcific tendinopathy involves pathological calcium deposition in human tendons, with unclear mechanisms.
Turkeys exhibit natural tendon mineralization without inflammation, presenting a unique comparative model.
Understanding tendon mineralization is crucial for developing effective treatments for musculoskeletal disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the onset and progression of tendon mineralization in turkeys.
To determine the role of mechanical loading in turkey tendon calcification.
To establish a preclinical model for studying tendon mineralization and related diseases.

Main Methods:

Observational study: Serial collection and analysis (histology, biomechanics) of turkey flexor tendons (1-16 weeks).
Interventional study: Transection of turkey tendons to eliminate mechanical loading, followed by histological, molecular (RT-PCR), elemental (ICP-MS), and biomechanical analyses.
Utilized Von Kossa staining for mineralization assessment and ICP-MS for elemental analysis.

Main Results:

Tendon calcification initiated at 7 weeks, progressing through 16 weeks in turkeys.
Eliminating mechanical loading via transection significantly reduced mineralization and altered collagen matrix organization.
Transected tendons showed decreased expression of osteogenic markers (osteopontin, osteocalcin, Runx-2) and lower mineral content.
Biomechanical properties (stiffness, Young's modulus) were compromised in tendons lacking mechanical loading.

Conclusions:

Tendon calcification in turkeys is a mechanically regulated, nonpathological process.
Mechanical loading is essential for normal tendon mineralization in this model.
This turkey model provides insights into early tendon mineralization and potential therapeutic targets for human tendinopathies.