How to incorporate theory in qualitative research: AMEE Guide No. 183

Area of Science:

• Qualitative Research Methods
• Health Professions Education (HPE) Research
• Educational Theory Application

Background:

• Rigorous Health Professions Education (HPE) research necessitates the use of theory.
• Novice HPE researchers often find navigating theory-use in qualitative research challenging.
• A clear understanding of theory is crucial for effective research design and execution.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assist novice HPE researchers in understanding and applying theory in qualitative research.
• To provide guidance on selecting, incorporating, and constructing theoretical frameworks.
• To illustrate the impact of different theoretical approaches on research focus and problem identification.

Main Methods:

• The guide articulates the definition and purpose of theory in research.
• It describes methods for selecting appropriate theories for qualitative studies.
• It explains the construction and application of theoretical frameworks with examples and a case study.

Main Results:

• Demonstrates how theory selection influences research problem identification.
• Illustrates how different theories bring distinct aspects of a case study into focus.
• Highlights that theoretical choices can emphasize or diminish specific research elements.

Conclusions:

• Effective use of theory enhances the rigor of Health Professions Education research.
• Understanding theoretical frameworks allows for more nuanced and focused qualitative inquiry.
• This guide equips HPE researchers with practical strategies for leveraging theory in their studies.