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Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

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In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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Consider a structure made of a boom and a rod designed to support a load. These two components are connected by a pin and stabilized by brackets and pins. The boom and the rod are detached from their supports to assess the different stresses imposed on this structure, and a free-body diagram is drawn. Then, all the forces applied, including the load acting on the structure, are identified. The reaction forces exerted on both the boom and the rod are computed using the equilibrium equations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Visualization of the Superior Ocular Sulcus during Danio rerio Embryogenesis
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A Novel Application of Injectable PRF for Superior Sulcus Hollowing.

Nese Arslan1, Alperen Bahar1, Ahmet Alp Bilgic2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Ankara, Turkey.

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) offers a safe, autologous solution for superior sulcus hollowing, significantly reducing eyelid volume loss. High patient satisfaction was noted with no adverse effects in this initial study.

Keywords:
autologous biologic fillerdeep superior sulcusinjectable platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF)periocular rejuvenation

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Oculoplastic Surgery
  • Aesthetic Dermatology

Background:

  • Superior sulcus hollowing is a common aesthetic concern.
  • Current treatments like fillers and fat grafts have risks and costs.
  • Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) is an autologous biomaterial with potential for volume restoration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy and safety of i-PRF injections for superior sulcus hollowing.
  • To evaluate patient satisfaction with i-PRF treatment for periocular volume restoration.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 24 eyes from 12 patients treated with i-PRF.
  • Measurements of sulcus depth at baseline, 3, and 6 months post-injection.
  • i-PRF prepared via low-speed centrifugation and administered in three sessions.

Main Results:

  • Significant reduction in sulcus depth from baseline to 3 months (p=0.002).
  • Sustained volume restoration with mild regression at 6 months.
  • High patient satisfaction (75%) at 3 months, with no adverse events reported.

Conclusions:

  • i-PRF shows promise as a safe, minimally invasive autologous alternative for superior sulcus volume restoration.
  • This study is the first clinical report on i-PRF for upper eyelid hollowing.
  • Further prospective research is needed to confirm these findings.