Changing Profile of the PCOS Women: A 15 Year Retrospective Cohort Study
1Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, Kar Clinic and Hospital Pvt Ltd., Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
|January 21, 2026
Summary
The metabolic and clinical profile of Indian women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) has significantly worsened over 15 years, with increased obesity and metabolic syndrome. This highlights the urgent need for early lifestyle interventions and public health strategies.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Reproductive Health
- Public Health
Background:
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-10% of reproductive-aged women globally.
- India faces rising obesity and metabolic issues due to lifestyle changes.
- This study tracks PCOS progression in Odisha, India over 15 years.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze temporal changes in clinical, phenotypic, biochemical, and metabolic parameters of women with PCOS.
- To assess the evolving health landscape of PCOS patients in India over two decades.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective chart review of 1530 women diagnosed with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria).
- Data categorized into three 5-year periods (2009-2024).
- Comparison of anthropometric, biochemical, and ultrasonographic features across periods using statistical tests (Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis).
Main Results:
- Significant increases observed in mean BMI (26.4 to 28.4 kg/m²), waist circumference (86.8 to 90.8 cm), and abnormal glucose tolerance.
- Rising prevalence of family history for PCOS, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemias.
- Metabolic syndrome prevalence increased from 36.5% to 45.6%.
Conclusions:
- The metabolic and phenotypic profile of Indian women with PCOS has deteriorated significantly over the past 15 years.
- There is a critical need for early lifestyle interventions.
- Public health strategies must target metabolic risk factors in the PCOS population.
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