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Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice
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Energy Expenditure Exceeds Nutritional Intake of ROTC Members During a Field Training Exercise.

Katherine A Frick1, Nicholas C Bordonie1, Katie G Clouse1

  • 1Warrior Research Center, Auburn University, 301 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832, USA.

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
|January 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) Cadets experience significant energy deficits during Field Training Exercises (FTX), consuming insufficient calories and essential nutrients. Improved nutrition strategies are crucial for cadet performance and health.

Keywords:
caloric deficitenergy availabilitymacronutrient intakemilitary nutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Nutrition
  • Military Health
  • Physiological Demands

Background:

  • Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) Cadets face demanding biannual Field Training Exercises (FTX).
  • Adequate nutrition is critical for performance and recovery during these physically strenuous events.
  • Understanding cadet nutritional status during FTX is essential for optimizing health and readiness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess energy balance and nutrient adequacy in ROTC Cadets during FTX.
  • To compare cadet nutritional intake against Military Dietary Reference Intake (MDRI) guidelines.
  • To identify specific nutrient deficiencies and energy deficits experienced by cadets.

Main Methods:

  • Energy Expenditure (EE) was measured using actigraphy.
  • Self-reported Nutritional Intake (NI) was collected from cadets during FTX.
  • Paired sample t-tests were used to analyze energy balance and nutrient adequacy compared to MDRI.

Main Results:

  • Cadets exhibited significant caloric deficits, consuming fewer kilocalories than their active metabolic rate and Low Energy Availability thresholds.
  • Widespread macronutrient deficiencies were observed, with neither male nor female cadets meeting carbohydrate recommendations.
  • Protein intake was significantly below MDRI guidelines for the majority of male and female cadets.

Conclusions:

  • ROTC Cadets frequently under-fuel during FTX, leading to substantial energy deficits.
  • Current nutritional intake does not meet the demands of FTX, impacting cadet performance and health.
  • Enhanced nutritional strategies are necessary to address under-fueling and support cadet well-being during training.