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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Direct Pressure Monitoring Accurately Predicts Pulmonary Vein Occlusion During Cryoballoon Ablation
Published on: February 26, 2013
Double-Drainage Levoatrial Cardinal Vein: Cardiac CT Evaluation of Compensatory Pulmonary Venous Pathway in
José Martín Alanís-Naranjo1, Ana María Rosas-Vázquez1, Moisés Jiménez-Santos1
1Cardiovascular Imaging Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
Case Summary:
An 8-day-old boy with univentricular physiology presented with respiratory failure and persistent hypoxemia. Cardiac computed tomography angiography showed a dominant right ventricle with mitral atresia and an intact atrial septum, double-outlet right ventricle, and persistent ductus arteriosus. Pulmonary veins connected to the left atrium but were markedly dilated, with anomalous dual drainage through a levoatrial cardinal vein into the innominate and azygos veins. Despite emergent atrial septectomy, pulmonary artery banding, and ductal ligation, the outcome was unfavorable.
Take-Home Message:
Distinguishing pulmonary venous connection from drainage is essential, and cardiac computed tomography angiography is key for surgical planning.
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