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Work schedule characteristics and sleepiness - a meta-analysis.

Laura Vieten1, Anna Arlinghaus, Marc Sobisch

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Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This meta-analysis reveals that night shifts significantly increase sleepiness, especially the first night shift in a sequence. Shift work schedules should be optimized to manage fatigue and enhance worker safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Human Factors Engineering

Background:

  • Sleepiness, a key component of fatigue, links working hours to health and safety, including occupational injuries.
  • Understanding the impact of work schedule characteristics on sleepiness is crucial for mitigating risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on how shift type, shift length, and number of consecutive shifts affect sleepiness.
  • To examine variations in sleepiness across different work schedule parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across multiple databases.
  • Inclusion of studies measuring sleepiness with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale.
  • Calculation of mean effect sizes using random-effects models.

Main Results:

  • Sleepiness was significantly higher during night shifts and lower during afternoon shifts compared to day shifts.
  • Sleepiness increased with shift length during night shifts but not consistently during day shifts.
  • Sleepiness peaked on the first night shift and declined over subsequent nights, while remaining stable across consecutive day shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Night shifts, particularly the initial one in a series, lead to the most pronounced sleepiness.
  • Circadian and homeostatic factors are critical in shift work-related sleepiness.
  • Shift schedules should be designed to reduce risks by incorporating adequate recovery time, especially before and during the first night shift.