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Area of Science:

  • Mental Health
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has become widely adopted in the US.
  • The relationship between generative AI usage and mental health outcomes remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the extent and type of generative AI use and negative affective symptoms in a diverse US adult population.
  • To analyze data from a large, nationally representative sample to understand these mental health associations.

Main Methods:

  • A survey study was conducted with 20,847 US adults aged 18 years and older.
  • Participants self-reported their generative AI and social media usage.
  • Negative affect was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) scale.

Main Results:

  • Daily or more frequent generative AI use was associated with increased depressive symptoms (β=1.08 for daily, β=0.86 for multiple times per day).
  • Higher AI use correlated with a greater likelihood of moderate to severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.29).
  • Similar patterns were observed for anxiety and irritability, with the strongest associations seen in younger adults and those using AI for personal reasons.

Conclusions:

  • Generative AI use is significantly associated with greater depressive symptoms among US adults.
  • The magnitude of this association varies across different age groups.
  • Further research is necessary to establish causality and understand the mechanisms behind these observed mental health effects.