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Time-resolved 3D imaging opportunities with XMPI at ForMAX.

Julia Katharina Rogalinski1, Zisheng Yao1, Yuhe Zhang1

  • 1Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

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|January 21, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

X-ray multi-projection imaging (XMPI) offers a novel, rotation-free method for high-resolution 4D X-ray studies. This technique captures multiple projections simultaneously, overcoming limitations of traditional X-ray tomography for dynamic sample analysis.

Keywords:
ForMAX beamlineMAX IVX-ray imagingX-ray multi-projection imagingtime-resolved 3D imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Engineering

Background:

  • X-rays are crucial for non-destructive internal imaging of opaque samples.
  • Time-resolved X-ray tomography (4D) provides volumetric data but faces limitations like sample rotation constraints and centrifugal forces.
  • These limitations hinder the study of certain dynamic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and validate X-ray multi-projection imaging (XMPI) as an alternative to traditional X-ray tomography.
  • To overcome the limitations associated with sample rotation in dynamic X-ray imaging.
  • To demonstrate the capabilities of XMPI for high-resolution, time-resolved studies of complex sample systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an XMPI setup utilizing X-ray optics to split the incident beam into multiple beamlets.
  • Acquired simultaneous projections from different angular viewpoints at the sample position without sample rotation.
  • Commissioned the setup at the ForMAX beamline at MAX IV and tested with fiber and multiphase flow samples.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high frame rates (12.5 kHz at 4 µm) for dynamic mechanical loading of fibers.
  • Demonstrated high spatial resolution (1.3 µm at 40 Hz) for multiphase flow studies.
  • Validated the flexibility of the XMPI setup to meet diverse spatiotemporal resolution requirements.

Conclusions:

  • XMPI provides a viable, rotation-free alternative to conventional X-ray tomography for 4D imaging.
  • The developed setup at ForMAX enables advanced studies of dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution.
  • This work lays the foundation for a permanent XMPI endstation, enhancing capabilities for materials and flow dynamics research.