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Dynamic context-based updating of object representations in the visual cortex.

Giacomo Aldegheri1,2,3, Surya Gayet1,4, Marius V Peelen1

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Science Advances
|January 21, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The visual cortex uses surrounding scene geometry to predict and update object representations, even for occluded objects. This predictive mechanism aids object perception in dynamic natural vision.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computer Vision
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Real-world vision faces challenges from object occlusion and dynamic changes in appearance (size, orientation).
  • These appearance changes are predictable based on the 3D structure of the surrounding environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the human visual cortex dynamically updates object representations using predictive contextual information.
  • To determine if the visual cortex utilizes environmental geometry for object perception.

Main Methods:

  • Two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were conducted.
  • Participants viewed objects with varying orientations relative to the surrounding scene.
  • Brain activity was analyzed to decode object orientation and assess representation enhancement.

Main Results:

  • Visual cortical representations of objects were enhanced when their rotation was congruent with the surrounding scene.
  • Object orientation could be decoded from visual cortex activity even when the object was fully occluded.
  • Predictive processing in the visual cortex was shown to align with environmental geometric structure.

Conclusions:

  • The visual cortex dynamically updates object representations by leveraging predictive contextual information derived from scene geometry.
  • This predictive mechanism is crucial for robust object perception in dynamic and partially occluded natural environments.