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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Taping over varying ground profiles requires careful adaptation to achieve accurate measurements. On smooth, level ground with minimal vegetation, the tape can rest directly on the ground. Here, the taping team, typically consisting of a head and a rear tapeman, coordinates their positions with clear communication. The rear tapeman holds the tape at the starting point and guides the head tapeman toward a range pole placed beyond the endpoint, using hand or voice signals to ensure alignment.On...
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Screening Foodstuffs for Class 1 Integrons and Gene Cassettes
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ESBL and Integron Profiles in Pediatric EPEC/STEC.

Noha Mostafa Mahmoud1, Amira M Sultan1, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki2

  • 1From the Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) causes significant pediatric diarrhea in Egypt. High rates of antimicrobial resistance, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, and integron carriage were found, necessitating improved control measures.

Keywords:
Egyptantimicrobial resistanceextended-spectrum β-lactamaseintegronspediatric diarrhea

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a primary cause of pediatric diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Antimicrobial resistance, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, complicates treatment.
  • This study focused on DEC pathotypes, resistance, ESBL, and integron carriage in Egyptian children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of DEC pathotypes in children with acute diarrhea in Mansoura, Egypt.
  • To determine antimicrobial resistance patterns, ESBL production, and integron carriage among E. coli isolates.
  • To understand the associations between these factors.

Main Methods:

  • 120 children with acute diarrhea were enrolled, with stool samples cultured for E. coli.
  • Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing and ESBL detection were performed.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays identified DEC pathotypes and class I/II integrons.

Main Results:

  • E. coli was isolated from 50% of children; Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and typical enteropathogenic E. coli (tEPEC) were predominant.
  • High resistance rates were observed for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefadroxil, and ampicillin.
  • ESBL production (41.7%) and class I/II integrons (51.7%/16.7%) were prevalent, with strong associations between integrons and STEC/tEPEC.

Conclusions:

  • DEC, particularly STEC and tEPEC, is a significant cause of pediatric diarrhea in Egypt.
  • High antimicrobial resistance, ESBL production, and integron carriage highlight the need for surveillance and control.
  • Urgent implementation of surveillance programs, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection control is crucial to limit resistance spread in pediatric populations.