Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026
Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
Published on: August 17, 2018
Psychometric validation and determination of minimal clinically important differences for the strengths and
Ruosong Yang1, Hongpo Yin2, Yuanyuan Hu2,3
1Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Background:
Myopic adolescents face multiple psychological challenges, including anxiety, depression, and social isolation, necessitating multidimensional assessment. One such assessment tool is the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), though it has not yet been validated in this specific population. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, validity, responsiveness, and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the SDQ in this specific population.
Methods:
Following the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) guidelines, we conducted a psychometric evaluation combining cross-sectional and longitudinal designs among 307 adolescents with myopia (including newly diagnosed and follow-up cases). Baseline assessments evaluated feasibility, reliability (internal consistency and test-retest stability), and validity (construct and discriminant validity). Follow-up surveys after myopia correction were used to assess responsiveness and establish the MCID using anchor-based methods.
Results:
The SDQ demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.71) and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.73). Construct validity was supported by strong correlations between problem-related subscales (peer problems, hyperactivity/inattention, conduct problems, emotional problems) and difficulty scores (r = 0.51-0.72, p < 0.001), with moderate-to-strong correlations for total SDQ scores (r = 0.36-0.75, p < 0.001). Discriminant validity was confirmed by significant differences in prosocial behavior (p < 0.01). While responsiveness was modest [effect size (ES) = -0.26, standardized response mean (SRM) = -0.28], the MCID was determined to range between 2.00-2.38 points, with a threshold of 2 points recommended for group-level discrimination.
Conclusion:
The SDQ is a reliable and valid tool for assessing psychological well-being in adolescents with myopia. The established MCID of 2 points enhances its clinical utility for screening and monitoring mental health changes in this population.
Related Concept Videos
03:05Acid Strength and Molecular Structure
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
01:29Reliability and Validity
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
01:20Strength of Cement
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
01:30Relation Between Tensile Strength and Compressive Strength of Concrete
02:18The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength