Targeting Vascular Calcification: Novel Insights into Molecular Pathways and Clinical Interventions

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Pathology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Vascular calcification (VC) is a key feature of atherosclerosis, increasing arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease risk.
• VC is common in patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and endocrine disorders.
• Current treatments for VC are insufficient for preventing or reversing calcification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review current and emerging therapies for vascular calcification.
• To highlight novel approaches targeting distinct calcification pathways.
• To guide the development of personalized management strategies for cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of recent studies on vascular calcification therapies.
• Analysis of emerging approaches including nanotechnology, specific agents (SNF472, GLP-1 receptor agonists), and traditional Chinese medicine.
• Consideration of dietary interventions, lifestyle modifications, and multi-omics findings.

Main Results:

• Conventional therapies for VC remain inadequate.
• Emerging therapies show promise, including nanotechnology, SNF472, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and traditional Chinese medicine constituents.
• Dietary interventions and lifestyle modifications offer preventive value.
• Multi-omics technologies are uncovering new molecular targets for precision medicine.

Conclusions:

• Novel therapeutic strategies targeting distinct VC pathways are advancing.
• Personalized management integrating mechanistic insights and new paradigms is crucial.
• Improved cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk populations are achievable through integrated approaches to VC management.