Stimulation of Human Adenovirus Infection Modulated by Emerging Micropollutants

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Virology
• Toxicology

Background:

• Emerging contaminants of concern (CECs), including pharmaceuticals and microplastics, are prevalent in aquatic ecosystems.
• The interaction between CECs and viral pathogens is not well understood.
• Human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) is a common human pathogen.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of CECs on HAdV-5 replication.
• To determine if CECs affect viral infectivity through direct physicochemical interactions.
• To explore temperature-dependent effects of CECs on viral replication.

Main Methods:

• In vitro assays using A549 cells were performed.
• Exposure scenarios simulated different stages of the viral replication cycle.
• CECs tested included antibiotics, antidepressants, microfibers, and nanoplastics.
• Viral replication was assessed after co-incubation with CECs at physiological and room temperatures.

Main Results:

• Individual pre- or post-infection exposure to CECs did not significantly alter HAdV-5 replication.
• Co-incubation of CECs with HAdV-5 at 37°C significantly increased viral replication by up to 1.5 log₁₀.
• No viral replication enhancement was observed at room temperature.
• Results indicate temperature-dependent physicochemical interactions between CECs and viruses.

Conclusions:

• CECs can modulate viral infectivity, particularly at physiological temperatures.
• Physicochemical interactions between CECs and viruses are likely responsible for enhanced replication.
• The co-occurrence of viruses and CECs in wastewater environments may pose increased risks.
• Further research is needed to understand the full implications of CECs on viral pathogens in aquatic ecosystems.