Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

4.0K
The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
4.0K
Performing a Simple Data Analysis using MS-Excel Function01:17

Performing a Simple Data Analysis using MS-Excel Function

928
Microsoft Excel offers a suite of functions and tools ideal for statistical analysis, making it accessible to students and researchers. This article outlines fundamental Excel functions pivotal for data analysis.
SUM: This function calculates the total sum of a range of values. It's the foundation for aggregating data, essential for determining overall trends and totals in datasets.
AVERAGE: It computes the mean value of a given set of numbers, providing a quick insight into the central...
928
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

9.1K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.1K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

1.3K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.3K
Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

3.8K
Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
3.8K
Discharge Summary Forms01:31

Discharge Summary Forms

1.2K
The discharge summary is crucial as it enables a smooth transition from a healthcare facility to a patient's home or another care setting. This critical document facilitates seamless continuity of care, ensuring patients receive the necessary support and attention.
Here's a detailed look at the key components and guidelines for preparing a discharge summary:
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Age-related differences in proactive and reactive neuromechanics throughout the time course of walking balance perturbations.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Minimum Slip Perturbation Amplitudes Required to Identify Altered Kinematics and Muscle Excitations.

Journal of applied biomechanics·2026
Same author

The Effects of Walking Speed on Three-Dimensional Foot Rigidity and Multisegment Coordination.

Journal of biomechanical engineering·2026
Same author

The Association Between Foot-Ankle Mechanical Leverage and Instability During Walking in Older and Younger Adults.

Journal of applied biomechanics·2026
Same author

Pairing limb posture feedback with an ankle exoskeleton to augment limb propulsion.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Associations among ankle cartilage composition and ultrasound based measures of cartilage health in those with chronic ankle instability.

Clinical rheumatology·2025
Same journal

Erratum. Validity of Poststroke Gait Spatiotemporal and Joint Excursion Metrics Between Inertial Measurement Units and a Marker-Based System.

Journal of applied biomechanics·2026
Same journal

The Influence of Different Starting Block Distances on Internal Tibial Load in Elite Sprinters.

Journal of applied biomechanics·2026
Same journal

Altered Lower-Limb Dynamics in Stop-Jump Activity of Adolescents With Major Thoracic Scoliosis.

Journal of applied biomechanics·2026
Same journal

Biomechanical Differences During Overground Walking in Virtual Reality: A Comparative Study With a Real Environment.

Journal of applied biomechanics·2026
Same journal

The Influence of Relative Schoolbag Mass on Gait Biomechanics of South African Adolescents: The Role of Sex and Grade.

Journal of applied biomechanics·2026
Same journal

Influence of Body Configuration on Kinetics and Multijoint Control Strategies Sprinters Use During the First Step Out of Blocks.

Journal of applied biomechanics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
06:35

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Published on: September 14, 2017

9.6K

Form and Function: Stronger Toes and Shorter Heels Associate With Better Gait Performance.

Ross E Smith1, Aubrey Gray1, Stephanie Gomez-Palacios1

  • 1Biomedical Engineering, UNC Chapel Hill and NC State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Journal of Applied Biomechanics
|January 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stronger toe flexors improve walking endurance, while shorter heels correlate with faster preferred walking speed in adults. These foot characteristics are key to enhancing gait performance and mobility.

Keywords:
foot biomechanicswalking endurancewalking speed

More Related Videos

Automated Gait Analysis to Assess Functional Recovery in Rodents with Peripheral Nerve or Spinal Cord Contusion Injury
06:31

Automated Gait Analysis to Assess Functional Recovery in Rodents with Peripheral Nerve or Spinal Cord Contusion Injury

Published on: October 6, 2020

6.6K
Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder
06:54

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

Published on: March 4, 2018

14.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
06:35

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Published on: September 14, 2017

9.6K
Automated Gait Analysis to Assess Functional Recovery in Rodents with Peripheral Nerve or Spinal Cord Contusion Injury
06:31

Automated Gait Analysis to Assess Functional Recovery in Rodents with Peripheral Nerve or Spinal Cord Contusion Injury

Published on: October 6, 2020

6.6K
Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder
06:54

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

Published on: March 4, 2018

14.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Locomotion
  • Foot Anatomy

Background:

  • The human foot's structure is crucial for efficient bipedal walking.
  • Economical forward propulsion via foot forces enhances walking speed and endurance.
  • The link between specific foot features and walking performance is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between foot neuromechanical and anthropometric features and walking performance (preferred walking speed and walking endurance).
  • To identify specific foot characteristics that influence gait performance in young adults.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed neuromechanical features: flexor digitorum brevis muscle activity and thickness, and toe flexor strength.
  • Measured anthropometric features: heel length (calcaneus length) and toe length.
  • Evaluated walking performance using preferred walking speed and the 6-minute walk test for walking endurance.

Main Results:

  • Stronger toe flexors were significantly associated with greater walking endurance (r = .641, P = .010).
  • Shorter heel (calcaneus) length was significantly associated with faster preferred walking speed (r = -.527, P = .044).

Conclusions:

  • Toe flexor strength enhances walking endurance by improving propulsion capacity.
  • Shorter heel length may optimize muscle-tendon mechanics for faster walking.
  • These findings suggest potential targets for interventions to improve walking in individuals with gait impairments.