Harnessing marine bacteria-derived compounds as anti-quorum sensing agents: a spotlight on sources, mechanisms and...

Historically, infectious diseases have posed the greatest threat to human life, primarily due to harmful bacteria that form biofilms through quorum sensing (QS) and subsequent development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this context, quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs) offer a strategic approach to combat bacterial threats without worsening AMR. QS inhibition can be achieved by blocking the activity of signalling molecules, receptors, receptor binding, and target gene transcription, most importantly, without killing bacteria. In recent years, bioactive compounds that disrupt QS, often sourced from marine resources, particularly marine-derived bacteria, have received increased attention. Although several forms of QSIs, including quorum-quenching (QQ) enzymes, peptides, and other small compounds, have been found in marine bacteria, there are very few studies compared to other natural resources. Also, investigating the precise molecular mechanism underlying QS inhibition and employing modern tools and methodology are essential for the effective application of appropriate marine bioactive molecules against virulent bacteria. Incorporating emerging technologies may improve understanding of the therapeutic efficacy of marine bacterial-based QSIs in treating infectious diseases. This review summarises the existing literature to elucidate the scope and prospects for further research on the bacterial QSIs from the far-reaching marine environment.