Psychological sequalae of patients experiencing aborted sudden cardiac death and their relatives

Sudden cardiac death occurs mainly outside of the hospital, placing witnesses in a pivotal role to intervene and enhance the survival. We aim to investigate its potential psychological repercussions on both the patient and the witness.

Incidence of acute stress disorder and/or post-traumatic stress disorder among patients and their relatives at 3 and 6 months following sudden cardiac death.

All patients admitted for resuscitated sudden cardiac death at our institution between 2019 to 2021 were screened. Within 15 days following resuscitated sudden cardiac death, both the patients and one of their relatives underwent face-to-face interviews with dedicated questionnaires. At 3-6 months post-event, participants were contacted by phone to complete the questionnaires.

Twenty-two patients (6 females, 51±11yo) and 23 relatives (13 females, 49±15yo) were included. The reason for sudden cardiac death was ischemic (n=9/22) or dilated cardiomyopathies (n=5/22), idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (n=4/22) or others (4/22). Relatives exhibited a higher magnitude of acute stress compared to patients (26±25 vs 48±20, P<0.001). Five persons were lost to follow-up (2 patients and 3 relatives). Nevertheless, 4/20 (20%) patients and 3/20 (15%) relatives were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Post-traumatic stress disorder in patients/relatives is frequent after resuscitated sudden cardiac death (20 to 15%). It is crucial to maintain close vigilance since patients remain susceptible to the future onset of post-traumatic stress disorder, even when they manifest milder symptoms of acute stress. Offering early interventions for relatives may serve as a preventive measure.