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Recent Insights Into Circulating Adipokines in Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sunita Sunita1,2,3, Mohammad Ghozali2,4, Mohammad Rizki Akbar2,5
1Doctoral Program Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung West Java Indonesia.
Obesity Science & Practice
|January 23, 2026
Summary
Obesity alters adipokine levels, with lower adiponectin and higher leptin, FGF21, and TNF-α. GDF15 and IL-6 levels showed no significant change, indicating potential biomarkers for obesity risk.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Obesity Research
Background:
- Adipokines are crucial in regulating inflammation and metabolism.
- Obesity is associated with dysregulated adipokine profiles, but findings are inconsistent.
- Understanding adipokine alterations is vital for obesity-related risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze circulating adipokine levels in obesity.
- To investigate specific adipokines: adiponectin, leptin, FGF21, GDF15, IL-6, and TNF-α.
- To clarify the role of these adipokines in obesity and associated risks.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Journal of Clinical Investigation databases.
- Assessed study quality using ROBINS-I and GRADE; calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs).
Main Results:
- Lower adiponectin levels in obesity (p=0.007).
- Higher leptin, TNF-α, and FGF21 levels in obesity (p<0.01).
- No significant differences for GDF15 (p=0.62) and IL-6 (p=0.17).
Conclusions:
- Adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and FGF21 show consistent changes and potential as obesity biomarkers.
- GDF15 and IL-6 exhibit variable associations with obesity.
- Further research is needed to understand adipokine roles in cardiometabolic risk, even in normal-weight individuals.
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