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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Imaging Subcellular Structures in the Living Zebrafish Embryo

Imaging Subcellular Structures in the Living Zebrafish Embryo

Published on: April 2, 2016

Infrared nanoscopy for subcellular chemical imaging.

Katerina Kanevche¹, David Joll Burr^2,3, Janina Drauschke²

¹Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.

|January 23, 2026

Summary

Infrared nanoscopy offers nanoscale chemical imaging beyond the diffraction limit. This technique reveals subcellular details and metabolic activity, with machine learning enhancing its biological applications.

Keywords:

O-PTIR machine learning organelle mapping super resolution vibrational spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

Spectroscopy and Microscopy
Nanotechnology
Chemical Imaging

Background:

Infrared (IR) nanoscopy combines vibrational spectroscopy with near-field optics for nanoscale chemical analysis.
It overcomes the classical diffraction limit, achieving nanometer-scale spatial resolution.
Atomic force microscopy probes detect light-matter interactions in the optical near field.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent biological applications of IR nanoscopy techniques.
To highlight technical advancements and machine learning integration.
To emphasize the potential of label-free IR nanoscopy in biology.

Main Methods:

Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM)
Nanoscale Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (nano-FTIR)
Utilizing atomic force microscopy probes for near-field detection

Main Results:

Demonstrated ability to resolve subcellular ultrastructure in various cell types.
Enabled study of biological processes like single-cell metabolic activity.
Showcased technical improvements and machine learning for data analysis.

Conclusions:

Label-free IR nanoscopy provides high-resolution chemical information at the nanoscale.
It is a powerful tool for investigating complex biological systems.
Emerging machine learning approaches promise to further expand its capabilities.