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Summary

Low muscle quality, specifically low-attenuation muscle area (LAMA), is linked to worse hearing in adults. This association was more pronounced in women, suggesting muscle health may impact age-related hearing loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Audiology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Muscle health, including muscle volume and quality, is crucial for overall physical function and metabolic health.
  • Low muscle mass has been previously linked to hearing loss, but the relationship between computed tomography (CT)-derived muscle quality and hearing remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between abdominal body composition, including muscle quality metrics derived from CT scans, and hearing thresholds in a large adult cohort.
  • To explore potential sex-specific differences in the relationship between abdominal adiposity, muscle quality, and age-related hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 7,774 adults (≥40 years) who underwent abdominopelvic CT and pure-tone audiometry.
  • Quantification of abdominal muscle area (total, normal-attenuation, low-attenuation) and fat depots (intermuscular, visceral, subcutaneous) from CT.
  • Analysis of the best-ear pure-tone average (PTA) and its association with body composition indices using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • The low-attenuation muscle area (LAMA) index was independently associated with poorer hearing thresholds (worsening PTA) in both men and women.
  • Each 10% increase in LAMA was associated with a 0.11 dB PTA worsening in men and 0.14 dB in women.
  • In women, total abdominal muscle area (TAMA), normal-attenuation muscle area (NAMA), and visceral fat area (VFA) were also associated with PTA, particularly in those aged 50-69. No significant associations were found in men across age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Abdominal body composition, especially low muscle quality, is associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL).
  • Midlife women appear particularly susceptible to hearing changes related to abdominal body composition.
  • Skeletal muscle health emerges as a potential modifiable factor for hearing preservation strategies.