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Related Concept Videos

Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Compact Bone01:27

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Arthroscopic Bone Grafting in Scaphoid Nonunion.

Jeffrey Justin Siu-Cheong Koo1, Pak-Cheong Ho2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong.

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|January 23, 2026
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Summary

Arthroscopic bone grafting effectively treats scaphoid nonunion, achieving a 90.3% union rate. This minimally invasive technique offers a favorable biological environment for healing, making it a preferred method for complex wrist fractures.

Keywords:
arthroscopic bong graftingnonunionscaphoid fracturewrist arthroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Hand and wrist surgery
  • Arthroscopy

Background:

  • Scaphoid nonunion presents a significant challenge in fracture management.
  • Conventional open techniques risk damage to vascularity and ligaments.
  • Advancements in wrist arthroscopy have led to arthroscopic bone grafting for scaphoid nonunion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic bone grafting for scaphoid nonunion.
  • To assess the union rate and clinical outcomes of this minimally invasive procedure.

Main Methods:

  • 111 scaphoid nonunion and 14 delayed union cases were operated on between 1997 and 2016.
  • Nonunion sites were debrided via the Midcarpal Radial (MCR) portal.
  • Autologous bone grafts were packed into the defect, and fragments were fixed percutaneously.

Main Results:

  • Overall bone union was achieved in 90.3% of cases, with an average healing time of 14 weeks.
  • Fourteen cases failed to achieve union.
  • Poor bleeding from the proximal scaphoid fragment was the only statistically significant factor negatively impacting union rate (78.8%).

Conclusions:

  • Arthroscopic bone grafting is a breakthrough treatment for scaphoid delayed and nonunion.
  • The procedure offers a favorable biological environment, leading to high union rates and satisfactory outcomes.
  • Minimally invasive arthroscopic approach improves scaphoid fracture management.