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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Extraction of Saliva, Haemolymph, Salivary Glands, and Midgut from Individual Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)
Published on: October 31, 2025
Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) harbor non-divergent bacterial microbiomes in Arizona
Maureen Brophy1, Kathleen R Walker1, Johnathan Adamson2
1Department of Entomology & Insect Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
Abstract:
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) is a species complex of ticks that are important vectors of many diseases to humans and other animals. In Arizona, the ranges of the 2 primary genetic variants-the temperate and the tropical lineages-overlap. The temperate and tropical lineages of R. sanguineus s.l. have divergent strains of the obligate Coxiella-like endosymbiont; however, it is unknown whether the microbiomes of the temperate and tropical lineages are otherwise different. There is growing evidence that non-pathogenic bacteria may be important components of vector-borne disease dynamics, even at low abundance. This research utilized a blocking primer to prevent sequencing of Coxiella to enable a closer examination of bacterial community structure of R. sanguineus s.l. ticks in Arizona. There were many commonalities among bacterial genera found within R. sanguineus s.l. ticks across the state, but no clear distinctions in bacterial community composition based on lineage, sex, female engorgement level, or collection location. Keywords: acarology, insect-symbiont interaction, microbiology, medical entomology.
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