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  3. Quantifying The Dynamic And Additives-dependent Interface Evolution By Operando Neutron Reflectometry.
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Quantifying the Dynamic and Additives-Dependent Interface Evolution by Operando Neutron Reflectometry.

Kang Wu1,2, Xiaozhi Zhan3,4, Peilin Ran2

  • 1College of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China.

ACS Nano
|January 23, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) dynamics is key for battery performance. This study uses operando neutron reflectometry to reveal how fluoroethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate additives create different SEI structures, improving battery stability and longevity.

Keywords:
Li-ion batteriescycling stabilityelectrolyte additivesinterfacial dynamicsoperando neutron reflectometrysolid electrolyte interphase

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Area of Science:

  • Battery Technology
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial for battery performance.
  • Engineering the SEI with electrolyte additives is a promising strategy.
  • The dynamic evolution of SEI layers under cycling is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively resolve the SEI's structural dynamics during battery cycling.
  • To investigate the impact of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) additives on SEI formation.
  • To establish a transferable operando neutron reflectometry (NR) framework for analyzing additive effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized operando neutron reflectometry (NR) to monitor SEI structural changes in real-time during battery cycling.
  • Employed model additives (FEC and VC) with known decomposition mechanisms.
  • Developed a robust NR framework for mechanistic insights into additive systems.

    • Main Results:

    • Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) forms a thin, inorganic-rich SEI (LiF-dominant), enhancing mechanical integrity and cycling stability.
    • Vinylene carbonate (VC) forms a flexible, organic-dominated SEI, mitigating stress-induced microcracking.
    • Contrasting SEI architectures were observed, demonstrating distinct roles of FEC and VC.

    Conclusions:

    • Operando NR provides atomically resolved insights into SEI evolution influenced by electrolyte additives.
    • Specific additives like FEC and VC lead to distinct SEI structures with tailored properties.
    • These findings offer design principles for advanced electrolyte additives to improve high-energy-density batteries.