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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
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Atom-Efficient Ir Nanoclusters in Laser-Engineered MoC@N-Carbon for Ultralow-Overpotential Hydrogen Evolution.

Govindasamy Ramar1, Jayaraman Theerthagiri1, Athis Watwiangkham2

  • 1Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR), Research Institute of Advanced Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 23, 2026
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Summary

We developed a novel iridium nanocluster/molybdenum carbide catalyst (IrNC/MoC@NC) for efficient electrocatalysis. This catalyst shows superior performance in hydrogen evolution and hydrazine oxidation reactions, outperforming commercial platinum/carbon.

Keywords:
Hydrazine‐assisted hydrogen productionIr‐incorporated molybdenum carbideLaser‐induced defect engineeringOverall hydrazine splittingPulsed laser irradiation in liquids

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Developing efficient electrocatalysts is crucial for energy conversion technologies.
  • Molybdenum carbide (MoC) and nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) are promising materials, but their catalytic activity needs enhancement.
  • Iridium nanoclusters (IrNC) can improve catalytic properties through synergistic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel bifunctional electrocatalyst composed of iridium nanoclusters incorporated into a MoC/N-doped carbon matrix (IrNC/MoC@NC).
  • To evaluate the electrocatalytic performance of IrNC/MoC@NC for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in alkaline media.
  • To elucidate the structure-activity relationship and understand the origin of the enhanced catalytic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of IrNC/MoC@NC via self-polymerization and pulsed laser irradiation in liquids (PLIL).
  • Electrochemical characterization including overpotential measurements for HER and HzOR.
  • In situ Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to study interfacial electronic properties.
  • Fabrication of a hydrazine-splitting electrolyzer using the synthesized catalyst.

Main Results:

  • The PLIL process effectively enhanced MoC crystallinity and pyridinic-N defects, enabling interfacial defect engineering.
  • IrNC/MoC@NC demonstrated outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic activity, with ultralow overpotentials for HER (25 mV at 10 mA cm⁻²) and high mass activity for HzOR (133.6 A g⁻¹).
  • Interfacial electronic polarization and dynamic charge redistribution at the Mo-Ir-N interface were identified as key factors for enhanced performance, rather than covalent bonding.

Conclusions:

  • The IrNC/MoC@NC catalyst exhibits superior bifunctional electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media.
  • The enhanced activity is attributed to interfacial electronic polarization and defect engineering at the Mo-Ir-N interface.
  • A symmetric electrolyzer based on IrNC/MoC@NC achieved efficient hydrazine splitting with excellent durability, highlighting its potential for energy applications.