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The Mini Version of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (Mini-LPFS): Development and Validation in
Alberto Stefana1,2, Laura C Weekers3, Stefano Barlati4,5
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Journal of Personality Assessment
|January 23, 2026
Summary
A new mini (4-item) Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (Mini-LPFS) effectively assesses personality functioning. This brief measure shows promising validity and generalizability for research and potential clinical screening.
Area of Science:
- Psychological assessment
- Clinical psychology
- Personality disorders
Background:
- The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders requires robust assessment tools.
- Existing measures of personality functioning can be lengthy, posing a burden in clinical and research settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a brief, 4-item version of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (Mini-LPFS).
- To assess the psychometric properties and cross-cultural generalizability of the Mini-LPFS.
Main Methods:
- Development and validation using two independent clinical samples (U.S. N=700, Dutch N=298).
- Confirmatory factor analyses and graded response item response theory models were employed.
- Cross-cultural measurement invariance was examined in the Dutch sample.
Main Results:
- Confirmatory factor analyses supported a one-factor structure for the Mini-LPFS in both samples.
- The Mini-LPFS demonstrated strong convergence with the original LPFS-BF 2.0.
- Satisfactory internal consistency, promising validity, and cross-cultural generalizability were observed.
Conclusions:
- The Mini-LPFS is an efficient, low-burden measure of overall personality functioning.
- It is suitable for research settings and shows potential as a screening and monitoring tool.
- Further evidence is needed to support its broader clinical applications.
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