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Is the Google Artificial Intelligence Overview Accurate for Current Procedural Terminology Coding in Hand Surgical
Daniel A Portney1, Jacob M Johnson2, Kathryn R Segal1
1The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; University Orthopedics, East Providence, RI.
The Journal of Hand Surgery
|January 23, 2026
Summary
Google AI Overview provides accurate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 90% of the time. While useful, hand surgeons should verify AI-generated CPT codes, especially for nerve and tendon procedures, due to variable accuracy.
Area of Science:
- Medical Informatics
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Surgical Coding
Background:
- The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Overview into search engines like Google impacts medical information retrieval.
- Accurate Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding is crucial for healthcare billing and reimbursement.
- Understanding the reliability of AI-generated CPT codes is essential for healthcare providers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the accuracy of Google's AI Overview function in identifying correct CPT codes for hand and upper-extremity surgery.
- To determine if specific procedure subgroups exhibit lower accuracy rates in AI-generated CPT code suggestions.
Main Methods:
- Selected 100 common CPT codes for hand and upper-extremity procedures.
- Searched Google using 150 varied procedural phrases, including variations like 'arthrodesis' vs. 'fusion'.
- Assessed code accuracy using specialized coding resources (AAOS CodeX, ASSH Coding App).
Main Results:
- Google AI Overview provided accurate CPT codes in 90% of searches.
- Tendon (78%) and nerve (71%) procedures showed lower accuracy compared to bony procedures (88%) and others (>90%).
- 10% of queries yielded multiple codes, with 14 out of 15 containing the correct code; acronym usage did not significantly impact accuracy.
Conclusions:
- Google AI Overview can serve as a helpful tool for CPT code identification but should not be solely relied upon.
- Hand surgeons and coders must be aware of AI's strengths and limitations in procedural coding.
- Continuous evaluation of AI tools is necessary as they become more integrated into clinical practice.
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