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Shifting leaf fall phenology disrupts ecosystem function.

Luke E Ireland1, Tianna Peller2, Florian Altermatt1

  • 1Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.

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|January 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change alters leaf fall timing, impacting temperate stream ecosystems. Earlier arrival of high-nutrient leaves boosts consumption of low-nutrient leaves, affecting carbon cycling.

Keywords:
climate changeecosystem functionleaf fallleaf litterpriority effectsresource subsidiesshredderterrestrial-aquatic coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Ecosystem Dynamics

Background:

  • Leaf litter is a crucial resource subsidy in temperate streams, with seasonal input influencing ecosystem function.
  • Climate change is altering leaf senescence phenology, leading to shifts in the timing and order of leaf litter fall.
  • The impact of altered subsidy arrival order and duration on ecosystem processes remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the order of arrival and exposure duration of different leaf litter subsidies affect ecosystem function.
  • To determine the consequences of altered leaf fall phenology on decomposition rates and carbon cycling.

Main Methods:

  • A mesocosm experiment was designed to manipulate the arrival order of two contrasting leaf species (high- and low-nutrient).
  • Decomposition rates were measured by an abundant aquatic shredder under different subsidy order and duration scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Both the exposure duration and arrival order of leaf species significantly influenced the combined consumption of leaf litter.
  • The earlier arrival of high-quality (high-nutrient) leaves enhanced the shredder's feeding activity on low-quality (low-nutrient) leaves.
  • Shifts in leaf fall timing and order can impact carbon cycling, even if total resource quantity remains unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • Altered leaf fall phenology due to climate change can directly affect ecosystem processes like carbon cycling.
  • Temporal aspects of resource subsidies, including arrival order and duration, are critical for understanding climate change impacts on ecosystem functioning.
  • Further research should incorporate temporal ecological dynamics to predict ecosystem responses to global change.