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Who Is Most at Risk? Exploring the Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Children With Intellectual Disability

Elif Abanoz1, Ayla Uzun Cicek1, Ilknur Ucuz2

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.

Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities : JARID
|January 23, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Most children with intellectual disability (ID) have psychiatric comorbidities, often multiple. ADHD and anxiety disorders are most common, with higher rates in males and severe ID cases.

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Limited data exists on psychiatric comorbidities in children with intellectual disability (ID) across various subgroups.
  • Understanding these comorbidities is crucial for effective clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in children with ID.
  • To analyze comorbidity patterns based on age, sex, ID severity, and socioeconomic status.

Main Methods:

  • A multicentre, cross-sectional study involving 1742 children with ID.
  • Utilized comprehensive psychiatric interviews, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Clinical Global Impression for assessments.

Main Results:

  • 86.2% of children with ID exhibited comorbid psychiatric disorders, with 61.5% having two or more.
  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder were most prevalent.
  • Higher comorbidity rates were observed in males, adolescents, individuals with severe ID, and those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic, developmentally sensitive psychiatric screening should be integrated into routine clinical care for children with ID.
  • Early identification and intervention are essential for managing psychiatric comorbidities in this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
adolescentchildcomorbidityintellectual disabilitymental disordersprevalencesex

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