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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Communication Studies

Background:

  • The social facilitation effect, observed in face-to-face settings, describes performance changes in social situations compared to solitary work.
  • This effect typically involves improved performance on simple tasks and impaired performance on complex tasks.
  • Generalizing the social facilitation effect to remote videoconferencing requires understanding the impact of various communication channels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how social presence influences task performance in remote videoconferencing environments.
  • To identify specific videoconferencing channels (e.g., video, screen-sharing) that mediate the social facilitation effect.
  • To explore the concept of 'soft-presence' in digital interactions.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental study was conducted in a controlled, naturalistic videoconferencing setting.
  • Participants performed visual-reasoning tasks under varying conditions: screen-sharing task performance, participant video on/off, and viewing researcher's avatar video.
  • Performance was measured by task speed and accuracy across conditions, including all channels on or off.

Main Results:

  • Visibility of the participant's video to their companion enhanced accuracy on difficult tasks.
  • Screen-sharing participant task performance improved the speed of completing easy tasks.
  • The visual presence of the researcher's avatar did not significantly affect task performance.

Conclusions:

  • Specific videoconferencing channels differentially impact task performance, extending social facilitation effects to remote interactions.
  • Participant video and screen-sharing are key mediators of social presence effects in videoconferencing.
  • The findings suggest a nuanced understanding of presence in remote collaboration, introducing the concept of 'soft-presence'.