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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Association between thyroid diseases and autoimmune hepatitis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Yunda Zhang1, Haiqun Xia2, Shengfei Yang3

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Dongguan Songshan Lake Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China.

Medicine
|January 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid diseases like hypothyroidism and Hashimoto thyroiditis increase autoimmune hepatitis risk. Autoimmune hepatitis does not appear to cause thyroid disease, according to this Mendelian randomization study.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationautoimmune hepatitishashimoto thyroiditishyperthyroidismhypothyroidism

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Immunology
  • Genetic Epidemiology

Background:

  • The relationship between thyroid diseases (TDs) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remains unclear, necessitating further investigation.
  • Previous studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding the association between TDs and AIH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal relationship between various thyroid diseases and autoimmune hepatitis using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach.
  • To determine if TDs causally influence the risk of developing AIH, and vice versa.

Main Methods:

  • A bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed.
  • Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary analysis, with sensitivity analyses using weighted median, MR-Egger, Cochran Q, and MR-PRESSO.
  • Genetic variants associated with TDs and AIH were used as instrumental variables.

Main Results:

  • Hypothyroidism or myxedema showed an increased odds ratio (OR) of 1.23 for AIH (P=0.0004).
  • Thyrotoxicosis with diffuse goiter had an OR of 1.27 for AIH (P=0.0001).
  • Hashimoto thyroiditis demonstrated an OR of 1.41 for AIH (P=0.0062).
  • Reverse MR analysis found no evidence of AIH causing TDs.
  • No causal link was found between thyroid cancer or goiter and AIH.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first MR evidence suggesting that hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and Hashimoto thyroiditis are risk factors for AIH.
  • There is no evidence that AIH causally affects the risk of developing thyroid diseases.
  • Individuals with specific thyroid conditions have a higher likelihood of developing autoimmune hepatitis.