Ferroptosis in Spine-Related Diseases: Mechanistic Insights and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death primarily characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, differs from traditional apoptosis and is finely regulated by multiple mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis plays vital roles in the onset and progression of cancers, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. There are several spine-related diseases that affect the bones, limbs, and nervous system, such as spinal cord injuries and intervertebral disc degeneration. With the advancement in research, increasing evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a role in these conditions and affects their treatment. This review outlines the mechanisms of ferroptosis and discusses the recently reported ferroptotic mechanisms associated with spinal cord injuries and intervertebral disc degeneration. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity for further research on the intricate links between ferroptosis and disease pathogenesis, as well as the identification of potential targets for clinical treatment. Graphical Abstract. Ferroptosis, characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, is emerging as a key player in various diseases, including cancers and neurological disorders. This review explores its involvement in spinal cord injuries and intervertebral disc degeneration, highlighting the need for further research to understand its role in disease pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic targets.