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Does the Surgical Approach Influence Masseter Muscle Contractility in Patients With Unilateral Mandibular Condylar

Subham S Agarwal1, Ekta Khandelwal2, Santhosh Rao3

  • 1Senior Resident, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
|January 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Masseter muscle function, assessed by surface electromyography, shows rapid recovery after mandibular condylar fracture surgery. Both transparotid and transmasseteric anterior parotid approaches yield similar functional outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Musculoskeletal Research

Background:

  • Surface electromyography (sEMG) offers objective, noninvasive assessment of masseter muscle function and recovery post-mandibular condylar fracture surgery.
  • Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a common surgical treatment for these fractures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare masseter muscle power and contractility following ORIF of unilateral mandibular condylar fractures using the transparotid (TP) and transmasseteric anterior parotid (TMAP) surgical approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 22 adult patients undergoing ORIF for unilateral condylar fractures (TP vs. TMAP).
  • Primary outcome variables included maximum amplitude and mean power measured by sEMG.
  • Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-tests, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significant time-dependent improvements in masseter muscle amplitude and power were observed within both surgical groups (P < .001).
  • All patients achieved ≥80% functional recovery within 7-10 days, irrespective of surgical approach (P = .4).
  • A minor, statistically significant reduction in mean power persisted on the operated side in the TMAP group at 3 months (P = .024).

Conclusions:

  • Masseter muscle achieves rapid functional recovery (≥80%) within 7-10 days after ORIF for mandibular condylar fractures, primarily driven by time.
  • Both TP and TMAP approaches demonstrate comparable short-term functional recovery outcomes.
  • Surgical approach selection should prioritize fracture characteristics and surgeon expertise, as functional recovery is largely time-dependent.