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Potential and challenges for sustainable progress in human longevity.

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Life expectancy gains are slowing in Western Europe, especially in previously fast-improving regions. Increased mortality in middle-aged adults (55-74) is linked to this trend, highlighting the need for detailed geographical analysis of longevity.

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Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Life expectancy gains are decelerating in high-income nations, prompting concern for human longevity.
  • Subnational variations in mortality trends are critical for understanding longevity progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine subnational mortality trends in Western Europe from 1992-2019.
  • To identify factors contributing to the deceleration of life expectancy gains.
  • To assess the potential for and challenges to sustainable longevity progress.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mortality trends across 450 subnational regions in Western Europe.
  • Comparison of life expectancy changes between 1992-2005 and 2005-2019.
  • Association of life expectancy changes with mortality rates at specific age groups (55-74).

Main Results:

  • Life expectancy gains were substantial and widespread from 1992-2005, with rapid regional convergence.
  • From 2005-2019, gains decelerated in previously fast-improving regions, while remaining stable in vanguard regions.
  • Slowing life expectancy gains correlated with increased mortality at ages 55-74, notably in Germany and France.

Conclusions:

  • The deceleration of life expectancy gains is linked to increased mortality in middle-aged populations.
  • Continued longevity progress is possible, as indicated by stable gains in vanguard regions.
  • Fine-grained geographical monitoring of mortality trends is essential for understanding and addressing longevity challenges.