Physical activity and the aging brain: A narrative review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Gerontology
• Exercise Science

Background:

• Depression affects 4.5% of community-dwelling older adults globally.
• Non-pharmacological interventions are crucial for managing mental health in aging populations.
• Understanding the neuroprotective effects of physical activity (PA) is essential for this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the neuroprotective mechanisms of PA on brain function and mental health in adults aged 60 and older.
• To synthesize current evidence on how PA impacts the aging brain.
• To provide healthcare professionals with evidence for integrating PA into clinical practice.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review was conducted.
• Searches were performed across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases.
• Keywords included aging, cognition, and physical activity.

Main Results:

• PA benefits the brain via improved cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization.
• PA increases neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF, IGF-1) and mood-regulating neurotransmitters.
• PA promotes structural brain adaptations in key regions associated with cognition and mood.

Conclusions:

• Physical activity is a cost-effective, multi-domain intervention for older adults.
• PA demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects, improving brain function and mental health.
• Healthcare professionals can use this evidence to promote PA in clinical settings for seniors.