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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen
Published on: June 3, 2018
Cell-free systems for development of biosensors
1School of Applied Sciences and Technology, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Abstract:
Cell-free systems (CFSs) have become powerful tools in synthetic biology, enabling the creation of fast, modular, and customizable biosensors without relying on living cells. By utilizing in vitro transcription and translation, these systems offer a finely controlled biochemical environment suitable for sensing applications in fields such as healthcare, environmental science, agriculture, and food quality assurance. This chapter provides an in-depth look at the design and functionality of CFS-based biosensors, highlighting the construction of genetic circuits, signal output strategies, and device formats including paper-based platforms, microfluidic systems, and wearable technologies. With use cases ranging from pathogen detection to monitoring environmental contaminants, cell-free biosensors are proving especially valuable in point-of-care (POC) and low-resource settings. The chapter also addresses current limitations such as shelf-life, sensitivity, and scalability and explores engineering solutions including AI-assisted design, molecular optimization, and advanced material integration. Looking ahead, the convergence of CFS biosensing with smart technologies such as IoT and distributed fabrication promises a new era of accessible, intelligent diagnostics.
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