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Polyhydroxy Hydrogel Electrolyte with In Situ Tuned Interface Chemistry for Ultra-Stable Biosensing-Compatible Zinc

Fengjiao Guo1, Chunjiang Jin1, Hongyu Mi2

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters
|January 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel hydrogel electrolyte for aqueous zinc batteries, enhancing stability and performance by controlling the zinc anode interface. This breakthrough enables safer, long-lasting batteries and integrated biosensing applications.

Keywords:
Biosensing systemHydrogel electrolyteInterface chemistryPolyhydroxy additiveZinc batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aqueous zinc batteries (ZBs) offer sustainable energy storage but face challenges with interfacial instabilities at Zn anodes.
  • Developing stable and efficient electrolytes is crucial for widespread ZB adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a polyhydroxy hydrogel electrolyte (PASHE) with in situ regulated interface chemistry for biosensing-compatible ZBs.
  • To address interfacial instabilities and improve the performance and safety of ZBs.

Main Methods:

  • In situ regulation of interface chemistry using L-sorbose within a polyhydroxy hydrogel electrolyte (PASHE).
  • Investigation of Zn2+ transport, ion-adsorption hierarchies, and water activity.
  • Characterization of Zn electrodeposition, stability, and cyclability in various battery configurations (Zn//Zn, Zn//Cu, Zn//I2).

Main Results:

  • PASHE demonstrated kinetically favorable Zn2+ transport and homogenized ion distribution, promoting preferential crystallographic orientation.
  • Achieved dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping with exceptional stability (3300 h) and high reversibility (99.6% coulombic efficiency).
  • Unprecedented cyclability in flexible Zn//I2 batteries (94.9% retention after 9000 cycles) and Zn-ion hybrid capacitors (98.0% after 43,000 cycles).

Conclusions:

  • The in situ strategy and functional additive approach in PASHE effectively stabilize the Zn anode interface.
  • This work enables high-performance ZBs and integrates them with biosensing platforms for real-time monitoring.
  • PASHE represents a significant advancement for sustainable energy storage and wearable biosensing technologies.