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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Interventions to Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Induced Oral Mucositis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Cristiana Palmela Pereira1, Inês Marques2, João Paulo Martins3

  • 1Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal.

Acta Stomatologica Croatica
|January 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Oral mucositis, a side effect of cancer treatments, can be effectively managed. Natural agents and non-pharmacological methods like cryotherapy show promise in preventing and treating this condition.

Keywords:
ChemotherapyCurcumaDrug TherapyHerbal TeasHoneyMeSH Terms: StomatitisNon-pharmacological interventionsOral mucositisPharmacologic ActionsPharmacological treatmentRadiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Oral mucositis is a frequent and debilitating side effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
  • It presents with lesions, edema, ulceration, and can lead to hemorrhage, impacting patient quality of life.
  • Effective management requires individualized therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for oral mucositis.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of therapeutic approaches for chemotherapy- and/or radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 studies published between 2019 and 2024.
  • Analysis focused on characterizing and contextualizing various therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Non-pharmacological interventions, including cryotherapy and photobiomodulation, demonstrated effectiveness.
  • Pharmacological interventions, especially natural agents like honey, curcumin, and green tea, were also found to be effective.
  • These interventions aid in both prevention and treatment of oral mucositis.

Conclusions:

  • Oral mucositis significantly impacts cancer patients' function, nutrition, and treatment adherence.
  • The systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the efficacy of non-pharmacological and natural interventions for oral mucositis.
  • Tailored therapeutic approaches are crucial for improving patient outcomes.