Beyond weak ties in prison: An investigation of core support networks of incarcerated persons

Tie formation has been a core interest of network researchers. However, most existing research on tie formation in prisons has focused on weak ties, assuming that a core network approach is less applicable within total institutions such as prisons. Drawing on egocentric network data from 389 incarcerated individuals and 1352 named network members, this study demonstrates that relationships between incarcerated persons can be examined using a core support network framework. We find that about 20 % of participants include at least one incarcerated peer in their core support networks, with these ties providing both practical and emotional support comparable to that offered by other core support network members. These findings underscore the critical role that peer relationships play in coping with the stresses of incarceration. This study also offers a rare opportunity to test tie formation theories in a total institution context. Specifically, our results support theories of contact opportunities, unmet social needs, and experiential homophily in shaping decisions to include at least one incarcerated peer in core support networks. By examining the dynamics of core support networks during incarceration, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of resilience and trust formation in highly constrained, high-stress environments.