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High-resolution Patterning Using Two Modes of Electrohydrodynamic Jet: Drop on Demand and Near-field Electrospinning

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Turbulent Multiscale Interactions between Tearing Modes, Trapped-Electron Modes, and Zonal Flows.

T Jitsuk^1,2, M J Pueschel^2,3,4, P W Terry¹

¹University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|January 26, 2026

Summary

Simulations show that magnetic tearing modes (TMs) can disrupt zonal flows generated by trapped-electron modes (TEMs) in fusion plasmas. This interaction may enable control of plasma microturbulence via current profile modifications.

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Area of Science:

Plasma Physics
Fusion Energy Research
Computational Physics

Background:

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-scale tearing modes (TMs) and ion-gyroradius-scale trapped-electron modes (TEMs) are key players in fusion plasma dynamics.
Understanding their interactions is crucial for achieving stable fusion conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To simulate and analyze the nonlinear interactions between MHD-scale TMs and ion-gyroradius-scale TEMs in a fusion plasma.
To investigate the impact of these interactions on plasma transport and stability.

Main Methods:

Global gyrokinetic simulations were employed.
Fixed equilibrium profiles were used for consistency.

Main Results:

Unstable core TMs nonlinearly coupled with and transferred energy to smaller-scale stable TMs near the plasma edge.
Magnetic stochasticity induced by edge TMs eroded TEM-generated zonal flows.
This erosion led to a significant increase in electrostatic flux.

Conclusions:

The interaction between macroscale TMs and microscale TEMs suggests a pathway for controlling plasma microturbulence.
Modifying the current profile presents a potential method for managing these interactions and improving plasma confinement.