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Updated: Jan 28, 2026
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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
Published on: July 24, 2016
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Cryotherapy and Muscle Function in Immediate Return-to-Play Scenarios.
Ozgur Surenkok1, Berna Cagla Balkisli1, Yildiz Yucel Karacan1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Summary
Cold spray and cold pack applications alter quadriceps muscle properties. Cold spray enhanced muscle strength, while cold pack influenced muscle activation timing, offering insights into cryotherapy
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Exercise Physiology
- Rehabilitation Science
Background:
- Cryotherapy is widely used in sports and rehabilitation to manage musculoskeletal injuries.
- Understanding the differential effects of cold spray versus cold pack application is crucial for optimizing therapeutic strategies.
- The quadriceps femoris muscle is a key muscle group affected by lower limb injuries and performance demands.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effects of cold spray and cold pack on quadriceps femoris biomechanical properties, muscle strength, and activity.
- To investigate the immediate and short-term changes induced by different cryotherapy modalities.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled study involving 53 male participants (18-25 years old).
- Two groups: cold spray (10-second application) and cold pack (5-minute application) to the quadriceps.
- Measurements included skin temperature, muscle mechanical properties (MyotonPRO), isometric strength (dynamometer), and muscle activity (surface EMG) at baseline, immediately post-application, and 5 minutes post-application.
Main Results:
- Both modalities altered muscle mechanical properties (stiffness, elasticity).
- Cold spray significantly increased muscle strength, whereas cold pack decreased EMG onset time.
- Cold spray induced a greater and more prolonged drop in skin temperature compared to cold pack.
Conclusions:
- Both cold spray and cold pack induce short-term changes in quadriceps muscle function.
- Cold spray demonstrates a potential benefit for enhancing muscle strength.
- Cold pack may influence the neuromuscular activation patterns of the quadriceps.
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