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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy01:18

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
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Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

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Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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An alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy that varies sinusoidally, resulting in AC current. Meanwhile, a DC generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, which are DC pulses with the same polarity. The construction of a DC generator is similar to that of an alternator, except that the pair of slip rings is replaced by a single split ring, also called a commutator. The commutator functions like a periodic rotary switch; it changes the contacts with the...
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Entropy and Solvation02:05

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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy
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Giant Specific Power Generation Capacity of Micro-Thermoelectric Generators Enabled by High-Entropy Cocktail

Zhenyang Liu1, Guannan Li2, Jianting Dong3

  • 1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro&Nano Structure Optoelectronics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers achieved a record power generation capacity in micro-thermoelectric generators (μ-TEGs) using the anomalous Nernst effect in novel films. This breakthrough promises enhanced performance for μ-TEGs.

Keywords:
anomalous Nernst effectfirst‐principles calculationshigh‐entropy alloymicro‐thermoelectric generatorspecific power generation capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Specific power generation capacity (ΓP) is crucial for micro-thermoelectric generators (μ-TEGs).
  • Existing μ-TEGs are limited to a few hundred µW cm-2 K-2.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report significantly enhanced power generation capacity in μ-TEGs.
  • To investigate the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) in medium-entropy alloy films for μ-TEG applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of medium-entropy (FeCoNi)100- xPtx alloy films.
  • Utilizing a high-entropy cocktail strategy to optimize material properties.
  • Characterization of anomalous Nernst thermopower (Sxy) and resistivity (ρxx).
  • First-principles calculations to elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a record giant ΓP of ∼5000 µW cm-2 K-2 in μ-TEGs.
  • Simultaneously obtained large Sxy (>1.4 µV K-1) and low ρxx (<85 µΩ cm) at optimal composition (x ≈ 50) and film thickness (few nanometers).
  • Demonstrated suppression of classical and quantum size effects on Sxy and ρxx.
  • Identified cocktail-driven modulation of electronic band structure, leading to ultrashort carrier mean-free-path and high carrier density.

Conclusions:

  • The high-entropy strategy enables unprecedented performance in μ-TEGs via the anomalous Nernst effect.
  • The developed (FeCoNi)100- xPtx films show significant potential for high-performance μ-TEG applications.
  • First-principles calculations support the experimental findings and highlight the role of Berry curvature and band structure.