An Overview of Novel Compounds from Marine Invertebrates: Sources, Structures, and Bioactivities

Marine invertebrates exhibit a vast taxonomic diversity, encompassing multiple phyla ranging from Porifera (sponges) to Echinodermata. These organisms inhabit complex marine environments and have evolved a diverse array of unique bioactive substances with various pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. As a result, they have long served as a crucial source of active natural products. The application prospects of these natural products are expanding rapidly across various fields, including medicine, cosmetics, and biotechnology, offering new possibilities for human health and sustainable development. This review compiles information on 159 novel natural products derived from marine invertebrates, which were first discovered in 2024. These compounds, originating from a diverse range of marine invertebrates, encompass various chemical classes, including terpenoids, alkaloids, peptides, and other unique categories. This review places a strong emphasis on elucidating their origins, intricate chemical structures, and promising biological activities. By presenting the latest discoveries and advancements in the field, this comprehensive review aims to offer valuable references and novel insights for the research and development of innovative antibacterial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory drugs.